Used to

Used to do

We use 'used to' for something that happened regularly in the past but no longer happens.

• I used to smoke a packet a day but I stopped two years ago.
• Ben used to travel a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn't.
• I used to drive to work but now I take the bus.

We also use it for something that was true but no longer is.

• There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn't.
• She used to have really long hair but she's had it all cut off.
• I didn't use to like him but now I do.

'Used to do' is different from 'to be used to doing' and 'to get used to doing'

to be used to doing

We use 'to be used to doing' to say that something is normal, not unusual.

• I'm used to living on my own. I've done it for quite a long time.
• Hans has lived in England for over a year so he is used to driving on the left now.
• They've always lived in hot countries so they aren't used to the cold weather here.

to get used to doing

We use 'to get used to doing' to talk about the process of something becoming normal for us.

• I didn't understand the accent when I first moved here but I quickly got used to it.
• She has started working nights and is still getting used to sleeping during the day.
• I have always lived in the country but now I'm beginning to get used to living in the city.

 http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/usedto/menu.php

Should / must

Should / must

1) Should

should is used to give advice ,to make recommendations (tavsiye) or to talk about what we think is right or wrong (bize göre doğru olan şeyleri kapsar).

positive form ; should

eg :

You should eat more slowly.

negative form :shouldn't

eg

You shouldn't work so much.

2) must

must is used to talk about an obligation (zorunluluk) or probability .

positive form : must

eg

You must do your homework .

negative form : mustn't

mustn't is used to forbid (yasaklamak) something ,it is forbidden, it is foolish to do it.

eg

You mustn't be late .


http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-55666.php

Must and Have to: The difference

Both must and have to can be used to express the conclusion that something is certain. Note that have to is more common in American English.

• I must stop smoking. (= I want to stop smoking.) İÇTEN (sizin ifadenizle)
• I have to stop smoking. (= Doctor has asked me to stop smoking.) DIŞTAN
• You really must go to church next Sunday. (I am telling you to.)
• Catholics have to go to church on Sundays. (Their religion tells them to.)

mustn't and don't have to

Don't have to and must not (mustn't) are very different. Don't have to shows a lack of obligation / no rule  (kural ya da zorunluluk yok) eg you don't have to carry your umbrella when it rains (but you can if you want to). Mustn't indicates prohibition (yasaklama- men etme), the existence of a rule saying don't, eg you mustn't chew gum in class (if you do there will be some consequence). Yani sınıfta sakız çiğnersen bunun sonucuna katlanırsın



difference between must and should

Must is stronger than should .

• You must stop smoking. (A command.) emir
  
• You should stop smoking. (A piece of advice.) tavsiye

http://www.perfectyourenglish.com/grammar/should-ought-must.htm


öğrendiklerinizi aşağıda verilen websitelerinde pekiştirebilirsiniz.


http://www.better-english.com/grammar/mustnt.htm

http://www.autoenglish.org/modalverbs/gr.mustnt.pdf cevap anahtarı sayfanın altında

some proverbs

A little learning is a dangerous thing

It may be safer not to learn something at all than to half-learn it.

 

All things are difficult before they are easy

The implication is that we should be patient with learning, and with learners. It takes time to learn to do things. What seems easy to us now may have been difficult at first.

 

 

Bad news travels fast

"Bad news" means news about "bad" things like accidents, death, illness etc. People tend to tell this type of news quickly. But "good news" (passing an exam, winning some money, getting a job etc) travels more slowly.

 

 

Charity begins at home

Our first responsibility is to our own family and friends.

 

Crime doesn't pay

If you engage in illegal activities, you will not make money in the long run.

 

Don't bite the hand that feeds you

It is not be a good idea to hurt the person (or company) that pays you or takes care of you.

 

 

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise

It is good for us to sleep early in the evening and wake early in the morning.

Easy come, easy go

If we get something (like money) easily and without effort, we can lose it easily too.

 

 

 

Great minds think alike

This saying suggests that very intelligent people think like each other. It is often said as a joke when two people think of the same thing.

 

 

 

Annabel Lee - a poem by Edgar Allan Poe

It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea, That a maiden there lived whom you may know By the name of Annabel Lee; And this maiden she lived with no other thought Than to love and be loved by me. I was a child and she was a child, In this kingdom by the sea; But we loved with a love that was more than love- I and my Annabel Lee; With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven Coveted her and me. And this was the reason that, long ago, In this kingdom by the sea, A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling My beautiful Annabel Lee; So that her highborn kinsman came And bore her away from me, To shut her up in a sepulchre In this kingdom by the sea. The angels, not half so happy in heaven, Went envying her and me- Yes!- that was the reason (as all men know, In this kingdom by the sea) That the wind came out of the cloud by night, Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. But our love it was stronger by far than the love Of those who were older than we- Of many far wiser than we- And neither the angels in heaven above, Nor the demons down under the sea, Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee. For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side Of my darling- my darling- my life and my bride, In the sepulchre there by the sea, In her tomb by the sounding sea.
Annabel Lee - a poem by Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe (1809 - 1849) American Poet, Author A poem can stir all of the senses, and the subject matter of a poem can range from being funny to being sad. We hope that you liked this poem and the sentiments in the words of  Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe you will find even more poem lyrics by this famous author by simply clicking on the Poetry Index link below! Choose Poetry online for the greatest poems by the most famous poets.

chocolate poem

Mmmm... Chocolate!!!

Here I sit, eating chocolate chips. To quit eating chocolate, I need more than tips. There are so many kinds of chocolate, it's hard to choose. No matter which one you pick, you just can't lose. There is milk chocolate, sweet chocolate, and semi-sweet. I really like dark chocolate! It's such a treat!!! There is also mint chocolate & white chocolate -- I'm not through! There is cereal, cake, cookies, candy, pudding, pie & ice cream too. Chocolate tastes so rich, and sweet, and sometimes smooth. It can help make you feel better, or help your heartache sooth. There are many chocolate drinks. Have some, just for fun -- cappuccino, chocolate milk, mocha & cocoa -- try more than one! Is chocolate as good as a hug, or a pat on the back? What if I'm out of chocolate, when I have my next attack??!! I could just imagine that I'm eating chocolate, I suppose. If I eat lots of chocolate all day long, would I overdose? Where would I go... what would I ever do... without chocolate? Nothing can compare. Not even one word rhymes with chocolate! Do I take it for granted that I can always get more? I could eat chocolate candies, by the score! Is chocolate something to fear -- is it really a curse? Is it something to be avoided, or is it much worse? Or... is chocolate the eighth wonder? Is it a total delight? Something you savor for so long? Or love with all your might?

websites to do some revision

comparatives and superlatives
http://a4esl.org/q/j/ck/fb-comparisons.html
http://www.learnenglish.de/Games/Adjectives/CompSup.htm
http://www.englishmedialab.com/Quizzes/preintermediate/comparatives%20superlatives.htm

modals - you may find this a bit difficult
http://www.autoenglish.org/modalverbs/gr.mustnt.i.htm
http://www.english-test.net/esl/learn/english/grammar/ei007/esl-test.php

pronouns
 http://www.autoenglish.org/gr.reflex.i.htm
 http://www.towson.edu/ows/exercisep-aagr.htm

perfect tense
 http://www.esl-galaxy.com/crosswords/presentperfectcw.pdf

reflexive pronouns

Definition: We use the reflexive pronouns to indicate that the person who realizes the action of the verb is the same person who receives the action. Reflexive pronouns are identical in form to intensive pronouns.

	Subject	Reflexive
Singular	I You He She It	myself yourself himself herself itself
Plural	We You They	ourselves yourselves themselves

For example:

• I cut my hair myself. (Saçımı kendim kestim.)
  * In this example "I" does the action of cutting the hair and at the same time "I" gets the action of the hair being cut.
• We defended ourselves brilliantly.
  * In this example the reflexive pronoun "ourselves" refers back to the subject of the sentence.
• John talks to himself when he is nervous. John sinirli olduğunda kendi kendine konuşur.
  * In this example "Himself" refers to John.

Reflexive pronouns always act as objects not subjects, and they require an interaction between the subject and an object.
For example:

• Because she was not hungry when the cake was served, Ellen saved herself a piece.
  * In the independent clause, "Ellen" is the subject and "herself" is a reflexive pronoun acting as the indirect object. This sentence is grammatically correct.
• Jhon and myself are going to the movie.
  * In this sentence, "Jhon" and "myself" are the subjects. Reflexive pronouns cannot be subjects. This sentence is grammatically incorrect.

Care must be taken to identify whether the noun is singular or plural and choose the pronoun accordingly.
For example:

• Nor is she shy about giving herself credit for it.
• We gave ourselves a second chance to complete the course.
• Did they lock themselves out of the house again?
• Give yourselves a pat on the back for a job well done.

Note: The reflexive pronoun can also be used to give more emphasis to the subject or object (intensive pronoun).
For example:

• I did it myself.
  * I want to emphasise the fact that I did it.

Examples:

• He washed himself.
• She looked at herself in the mirror.
• Diabetics give themselves insulin shots several times a day.
• After the party, I asked myself why I had faxed invitations to everyone in my office building.
• Richard usually remembered to send a copy of his e-mail to himself.

 http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/grammar/reflexive-pronoun.asp

Present perfect tense- Türkce

Türkçede bu tense'e benzer bir kullanım yoktur. İngilizce konuşurken çokça kullanılan bu tense in esas amacı, geçmişte yapılmış eylem ile içinde bulunduğumuz zamanı, yani konuşma zamanını birbirine bağlamaktır.
 

Bu tense kullanılırken

özne yardımcı fiil olarak have / has yüklemin üçüncü hali v3  
I have seen that movie.
He has seen that movie.
kullanılmalıdır.

 

Joe has gone to school.

I have been to that new shop.
I have just finished my game.
He has just arrived.
 

 

 

have "'ve", has de "'s" şeklinde kısaltılabilir.

Olumsuz yapmak için basitçe yardımcı fiile "not" eklenir.

Soru yapmak için de yardımcı fiil başa alınır.

Her durumda, hem yardımcı fiil (have) hem de v3 beraberce kullanılır.

We haven'tgone to the doctor yet.
Have you talked to the new student?
What have you done this morning?

Hasn't he arrived yet?

 

 

 

Fiillerin hallerinden daha önce bahsetmiştik. v3, bazı fiillerde fiilin sonuna "-ed" eklenmiş halidir. Böyle fiillere düzenli fiiller deriz. Bunlardan başka, mutlaka öğrenmemiz gereken birçok da düzenli olmayan fiiller vardır. Bazı önemli düzensiz fiillerin listesini simple past tense konusunda vermiştik.

bazı düzenli fiiller:

work worked   talk  talked
study studied   live  lived
walk walked      
 

 

bazı düzensiz fiiller:

do done   go gone
 be been   see seen
 

 

 

Perfect tense in kullanıldığı bazı durumları şunlardır;

Geçmişte başlamış ve etkisi henüz bitmemiş olayları anlatmak için kullanılır. Eylemin başladığı zaman belirtilmez. Eylemin etkisinin sürmesi, bize içinde bulunduğumuz an ile alakalı bilgi de vermiş olur.

He has gone to school.
I have done my homework.
 

 

 

Zaten vakti kesin olarak bilinen ve tamamlanmış olaylar için simple past tense kullanılmalıdır.
I did my homework last night.
 

 

 

Bazı durumlarda "since, for" gibi vakit belirteçleri de kullanılır.

We have been friends with John for ten years.
We have been friends with John for ten years.
I haven't been to a doctor for 3 years.
No one has seen George since this morning. 
I have lived in this city since I was born.
 

 

 

Yaşadığımız tecrübeler, bu tense'e en güzel örnektir. Çünkü tecrübelerimizin etkisi hayat sürdükçe, veya etkiyi sona erdirecek başka bir eyleme kadar devam edecektir.
I have been to Rome.
It has been a very exciting day.
I have had a light breakfast today.
 

 

 

Geçmişte farklı zamanlarda tekrarlanmış eylemleri de bu tense ile dile getiririz.
I have seen that movie twice.

The child has played that game many times.

 

 

 

Bir başka kullanım da, geçmişte başlayıp, henüz tamamlanmış eylemler içindir. Böyle durumlarda sıklıkla "just" gibi vakit belirteçleri kullanılır.
 I have just completed my work.

The sun has just risen.

He has just graduated from collage.

Elvis has left the building.

 

 

 

Eylemin geçmişte gerçekleşmiş olması bizi şaşırtmasın. Bu tense, past değildir. Bu tense'te önemli olan içinde bulunduğumuz zamandır. Bu nedenle, örneğin "yesterday" gibi bir geçmiş zaman ifadesi ile birlikte kullanılmaz. Konunun isminde "present" (yani şimdiki, içinde bulunduğumuz zaman) kelimesi olmasının sebebi de budur. Present Perfect tense in her farklı kullanımlarındaki ortak nokta, geçmiş ile içinde bulunduğumuz anı bir şekilde bağlamaktır.

 

Bu tense biraz karışık gibi görülebilir. Genelde ne zaman simple past, ne zaman present perfect kullanacağı karıştırılabiliyor. Bu nedenle, bu noktayı biraz daha açıklamalıyız.

 

 

 

 

Elvis has left the building.

Eylem henüz tamamlanmış.
Elvis left the building five minutes ago.
Eylemin tamamlandığı vakit bildirilmiştir.
I have done my homework.
Eylemin tamamlandığı vakit bildirilmemiştir.
I did my homework last night.
Eylemin tamamlandığı vakit bildirilmiştir.
He has been in that city for two years
Eylem şu anda devam ediyor.
He lived in that city for two years
Eylem şu anda devam etmiyor.
I' ve been to Rome
Eylemin vakti bildirilmemiştir.
I went to Rome last year
Eylemin vakti

useful websites to practice present perfect tense

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple-present-perfect-1.html

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple-present-perfect-2.html

http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/228.html

http://www.vipingilizce.com/present-perfect-tense-exercises-quiz/

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/prperf1.htm

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/complex_tests/simple_past_present_perfect1/index.php